See soorce fer R

{{Latin letter info|r}}

'''R''' ([[Inglis alphabet#Letter names|named]] ''ar'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑr}}<ref>"R", ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]],'' 2nd edition (1989); "ar", ''op. cit''.</ref>) is the aichteent [[Letter (alphabet)|letter]] o the [[ISO basic Latin alphabet]].

==History==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#eee;"
! Egyptian hieroglyph <br/> ''t''
! Phoenician <br/> ''[[Resh]]''
! Etruscan<br>R
! Greek <br/> ''[[Rho (letter)|Rho]]''
! Later Etruscan R
|--- align=center
|<hiero>D1</hiero>
| [[File:PhoenicianR-01.png|x30px]]
| [[File:EtruscanR-01.svg|x30px]]
| [[File:Rho uc lc.svg|x40px]]
| [[File:EtruscanR-02.svg|x30px]]
|}

The oreeginal [[Semitic]] letter mey hae been inspired bi an [[Egyptian hieroglyph]] for ''tp'', "head". It wis uised for {{IPA|/r/}} bi Semites acause in thair leid, the wird for "heid" wis ''[[rêš]]'' (an aa the name o the letter).  It developed intae Greek '[[Rho (letter)|Ρ]]' {{lang|grc|ῥῶ}} (''rhô'') an Latin R. It is likely that some Etruscan an Wastren Greek fairms o the letter addit the extra stroke tae distinguish it frae a later fairm o the letter P.

The name o the letter in Latin wis ''er'' ({{IPA|/ɛr/}}), follaein the pattern o ither letters representin [[continuant]]s, sic as F, L, M, N, an S.  This name is preserved in [[French leid|French]] an mony ither leids.  In [[Middlin Inglis]], the name o the letter chynged frae {{IPA|/ɛr/}} tae {{IPA|/ar/}}, follaein a pattern exhibitit in mony ither wirds sic as ''farm'' (compare French ''ferme''), an ''star'' (compare German ''Stern'').

The minuscule (lowercase) fairm as 'r' developed throu several variations on the caipital fairm. In haundwritin it wis common nae tae close the bottom o the luip but continue intae the leg, savin an extra pen stroke. The luip-leg stroke shortened intae the semple arc uised the day. Anither minuscule, [[r rotunda]] (ꝛ), kept the luip-leg stroke but dropped the vertical stroke, altho it fell oot o uise aroond the 18t century.

==Uisage==
{{See also|Rhotic consonant|R-colored vowel|Guttural R}}

In science, the letter R is a seembol for the [[gas constant]]. Mathematicians uise 'R' or <math>\mathbb{R}</math> (an R in [[blackboard bold]], displayed as {{unicode|ℝ}} in Unicode) for the [[Set (mathematics)|set]] o aw [[real nummers]].

R represents a [[rhotic consonant]] in mony leids, as shawn in the table ablo. The [[help:IPA|Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet]] uises several variations o the letter tae represent the different rhotic consonants; {{IPA|[r]}} represents the [[alveolar trill]].
<!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD LANGUAGES THAT DO NOT USE THE ROMAN ALPHABET -->
{| class="wikitable" style="width:85%;margin:auto"
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Alveolar trill]] {{IPA|[r]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Media:alveolar trill.ogg|Listen]]
| style="width:55%" | some dialects o [[Breetish Inglis]] or in emphatic speech, staundart [[Dutch leid|Dutch]], [[Finnish leid|Finnish]], [[Galician leid|Galician]], [[German leid|German]] in some dialects, [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]], [[Icelandic leid|Icelandic]], [[Italian leid|Italian]], [[Czech leid|Czech]], [[Lithuanie leid|Lithuanie]], [[Latvian leid|Latvian]], [[Latin leid|Latin]], [[Norwegian leid|Norwegian]] maistly in the northwast, [[Polish leid|Polish]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]], [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] (tradeetional fairm), [[Romanian leid|Romanian]], [[Scots leid|Scots]], [[Spainyie leid|Spaingie]] an [[Albanie leid|Albanie]] 'rr', [[Swadish leid|Swadish]], [[Welsh leid|Welsh]]
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Alveolar approximant]] {{IPA|[ɹ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Media:alveolar approximant.ogg|Listen]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] (maist varieties), [[Dutch leid|Dutch]] in some Dutch dialects (in specific poseetions o wirds), [[Swadish leid|Swadish]], [[Faroese leid|Faroese]], [[Sicilian leid|Sicilian]]
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Alveolar flap]] / [[Alveolar tap]] {{IPA|[ɾ]}}
|  style="text-align:center" | [[Media:alveolar flap.ogg|Listen]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]], [[Spainyie leid|Spainyie]] an [[Albanie leid|Albanian]] 'r', [[Turkish leid|Turkish]], [[Dutch leid|Dutch]], [[Italian leid|Italian]], [[Venetian leid|Venetian]],  [[Galician leid|Galician]], [[Leonese leid|Leonese]], [[Norwegian leid|Norwegian]], [[Erse leid|Erse]]<!-- DO NOT ADD JAPANESE:  IT DOES NOT USE THE ROMAN ALPHABET-->
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Voiced retroflex fricative]] {{IPA|[ʐ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Media:Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg|Listen]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Norwegian leid|Norwegian]] aroond [[Tromsø]], [[Spaiinyie leid|Spainyie]] uised as an allophone o /r/ in some Sooth American accents; [[Staundart Cheenese]] (in [[pinyin]]); [[Vietnamese leid|Vietnamese]] (soothren dialects)
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Retroflex approximant]] {{IPA|[ɻ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Media:Retroflex approximant.ogg|Listen]]
| style="width:55%" | some varieties o [[American Inglis]]; [[Staundart Cheenese]] (in [[pinyin]]); an Gutnish
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Retroflex flap]] {{IPA|[ɽ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Media:Retroflex flap.ogg|Listen]]
| style="width:55%" | [[Norwegian leid|Norwegian]] when follaeed bi <d>, whiles in [[Scottis Inglis]]
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Uvular trill]] {{IPA|[ʀ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Media:Uvular trill.ogg|Listen]]
| style="width:55%" | [[German leid|German]] stage staundart; some [[Dutch leid|Dutch]] dialects (in Brabant an Limburg, an some ceety dialects in The Netherlands), [[Swadish leid|Swadish]] in Soothren Swaden, [[Norwegian leid|Norwegian]] in wastren an soothren pairts
|-
| style="width:35%" | [[Voiced uvular fricative]] {{IPA|[ʁ]}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Media:voiced uvular fricative.ogg|Listen]]
| style="width:55%" | [[German leid|German]], [[Danish leid|Danish]], [[French leid|French]], staundart European [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] 'rr', staundart Brazilian [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] 'rr', Puerto Rican Spainyie 'rr' an 'r-', [[Norwegian leid|Norwegian]] in wastren an soothren pairts.
|}

Ither leids mey uise the letter 'r' in thair alphabets (or Latin transleeterations schemes) tae represent rhotic consonants different frae the alveolar trill. In [[Haitian Creole]], it represents a soond [[rhotacism#Orthoepy|sae weak]] that it is eften written interchyngeably wi 'w', e.g. 'Kweyol' for 'Kreyol'.

Brazilian [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] haes a great nummer o allophones o {{IPAslink|ʁ}} sic as {{IPAblink|χ}}, {{IPAblink|h}}, {{IPAblink|ɦ}}, {{IPAblink|x}}, {{IPAblink|ɣ}}, {{IPAblink|ɹ}} an {{IPAblink|r}}, the latter three anes can be uised anly in certaint contexts ({{IPAblink|ɣ}} an {{IPAblink|r}} as 'rr'; {{IPAblink|ɹ}} in the syllable coda, as an allophone o {{IPAslink|ɾ}} accordin tae the European Portuguese norm an {{IPAslink|ʁ}} accordin tae the Brazilian Portuguese norm). Uisually at least twa o them are present in a single dialect, sic as [[Rio de Janeiro]]'s {{IPAblink|ʁ}}, {{IPAblink|χ}}, {{IPAblink|ɦ}} an, for a few speakers, {{IPAblink|ɣ}}.

==Relatit letters an ither similar characters==
*Ρ ρ/{{unicode|ϱ}} : [[Rho (letter)|Greek letter Rho]]
*Р р : [[Er (Cyrillic)|Cyrillic letter Er]]
*Я я : [[Ya (Cyrillic)|Cyrillic letter Ya]]
*ℛ : Script caipital R
 
{{anchor|Codes for computin}}

==Computin codes==
{{charmap
| 0052 | 0072 | name1 = Latin Caipital Letter R | name2 = &#160; &#160; Latin Smaa Letter R
| map1 = [[EBCDIC]] faimily | map1char1 = D9 | map1char2 = 99
| map2 = [[ASCII]] <sup>1</sup> | map2char1 = 52 | map2char2 = 72
}}
: <sup>1</sup> {{midsize|An aa for encodins based on ASCII, includin the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 an Macintosh faimilies o encodins.}}

==Ither representations==
{{Letter other reps
|NATO=Romeo
|Morse=·–·
|Character=R
|Braille=⠗
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*{{Commons-inline|R}}
*{{Wiktionary-inline|R}}
*{{Wiktionary-inline|r}}

{{Latin alphabet|R|}}

[[Category:ISO basic Latin letters]]